Zipangizo zomangira mipata: Kutsegula mwayi wamayendedwe apansi panthaka
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tunnel monga njira yoyendera kwakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.Kuchokera ku ngalande zakale zachiroma kupita ku misewu yamakono ndi njanji, ngalande zakhala njira yabwino yodutsa mapiri, mitsinje ndi mathithi amadzi.Monga mtundu wa zida zapamwamba zomangira, makina obowola atsegula mutu watsopano pakupanga njira zoyendera mobisa.
Makina otopetsa ndi zida zolemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba ngalande.Ndi makina ovuta kwambiri okhala ndi magiya ambiri, mawaya, mitu yodulira ndi zinthu zina zofunika.Makinawa anali ofunikira pakupanga zoyendera zapansi panthaka chifukwa amatha kuloŵa mwala, dothi ndi zinthu zina zolimba kukumba ma tunnel amitundu yonse.
Kupanga ngalande kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo, chilichonse chimafuna chidziwitso chapadera ndi zida.Chinthu choyamba chinali kupanga ngalandeyo ndi kukumba ngalande yoyendetsa ndege pogwiritsa ntchito makina otopetsa.Njira yoyendetsa ndegeyo ikatha, zida ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ndi kulimbikitsa ngalandeyo, kuphatikiza kuboola, kuphulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira monga anangula ndi mabawuti.
Makina otopetsa amsewu amabwera m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa polojekiti.Ngalande zoperekera madzi ndi kuchiritsa zimafunikira zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa ngalande zopangidwira zoyendera.Makina amakono obowola amagwiritsira ntchito makina odulira mozungulira, makina a hydraulic, ndi makina apakompyuta kukumba ngalande mosamala komanso mwaluso.
Kuwongolera ndi gawo lofunikira pamayendedwe apansi panthaka chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti anthu ndi katundu azisuntha mwachangu kuchoka pamalo amodzi kupita kwina pomwe akukhala pamalo ochepa kuposa momwe amayendera monga misewu ndi njanji.Mayendedwe apansi panthaka ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kuchulukana kwa magalimoto, kukonza chilengedwe komanso kukulitsa luso.
Zipangizo zobowola zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pomanga njira zoyendetsera mayendedwe m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, Channel Tunnel, ngalande ya njanji yothamanga kwambiri yolumikiza UK ndi France, idamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizika amakina ndi makina obowola.Ngalandeyi inamalizidwa mu 1994 ndipo tsopano yakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri panjira zoyendera ku Europe.
Chitsanzo china chokhotakhota pogwiritsa ntchito zida zobowola ndi Gotthard Base Tunnel ku Switzerland.Utali wa makilomita oposa 57, ngalandeyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo inamalizidwa m’chaka cha 2016. Ngalandeyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zopangira njanji, kuphatikizapo zobowola, pofuna kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yoyenda pakati pa kumpoto ndi kum’mwera kwa dziko la Switzerland.
Zida zoboola nazonso zidathandiza kwambiri pomanga ngalande zoperekera madzi ndi ngalande.Misewu yamtunduwu ndiyofunika kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti anthu okhala kumadera akumidzi ali ndi madzi komanso kusamalira zopezeka m'matauni.Kumanga ngalandezi kumafuna ukatswiri ndi zida, ndipo makina obowola akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zobowola kwatsegula njira zatsopano zopangira zoyendera mobisa.Chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pakusunga chilengedwe, njira zoyendera mobisala zikukhala njira zodziwika bwino zochepetsera kuchulukana kwa magalimoto komanso kutulutsa mpweya.Zipangizo zobowola ndi gawo lofunikira pantchito yomanga, ndipo kupititsa patsogolo ndi kukonzanso kwawo ndikofunikira kuti ntchito izi zitheke.
Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zobowola pokumba ngalande kumatsegula mwayi watsopano wokonza njira zoyendera mobisa.Makinawa ndi ofunikira pomanga mayendedwe, madzi ndi ngalande zotayira zinyalala.Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kupititsa patsogolo makinawa kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito zamtsogolo zitheke bwino pofuna kukonza njira zoyendetsera ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-06-2023
