Kuyambira kumangidwa kwa 770 mita Taylor Hill single trackngalandendi 2474 metre Victoria double track tunnel panjanji zonyamula nthunzi ku Britain mu 1826, ngalande zanjanji zambiri zamangidwa m'maiko monga Britain, United States, ndi France.M'zaka za zana la 19, ngalande zonse za njanji 11 zokhala ndi utali wa makilomita opitilira 5 zidamangidwa, kuphatikiza ma ngalande atatu okhala ndi utali wa makilomita opitilira 10.Pakati pawo, yayitali kwambiri ndi msewu wa njanji ya Saint Gotha ku Switzerland, womwe ndi wautali mamita 14998.Galera Railway Tunnel ku Peru, yomwe idatsegulidwa mu 1892, ili ndi kutalika kwa 4782 metres ndipo pakadali pano ndiye msewu wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Pakadali pano, Fenghuo Tunnel pa Qinghai Tibet Railway ku China ndiye msewu wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa njanji imodzi pamalo okwera.Zaka za m'ma 1860 zisanafike, ngalandezi zidamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola pamanja ndi njira zophulitsira ufa wakuda.Mu 1861, pomanga ngalande ya njanji ya Sinis Peak yodutsa mapiri a Alps, zobowola miyala za pneumatic zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mobowola pamanja.Mu 1867, pamene Hussac Railway Tunnel inamangidwa ku United States, mabomba a nitroglycerin anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwaufa wakuda, zomwe zinapititsa patsogolo luso la zomangamanga ndi liwiro.
Shiqiuling Tunnel, yomangidwa ndi China kuyambira 1887 mpaka 1889 panjanji yopapatiza yochokera ku Taipei kupita ku Keelung m'chigawo cha Taiwan, inali msewu woyamba wa njanji ku China, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 261 metres.Pambuyo pake, ngalande zina zidamangidwa panjanji monga Beijing Han, Middle East, ndi Zhengtai.Misewu inayi yomangidwa m'chigawo cha Guangou cha njanji ya Beijing Zhangjiakou inali mipikisano yoyamba ya njanji yomangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zaukadaulo zaku China.Msewu wautali kwambiri wa Badaling Railway Tunnel ndi wa 1091 metres ndipo unamalizidwa mu 1908. Chaka cha 1950 chisanafike, dziko la China linali litamanga njanji 238 zokha za njanji, zomwe zinawonjezera makilomita 89.Kuyambira m'ma 1950, chiwerengero cha zomangamanga chawonjezeka kwambiri.Pakati pa 1950 ndi 1984, njanji zonse za 4247 standard gauge zidamangidwa, ndikuwonjezera makilomita a 2014.5, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi masitima apamtunda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Kuchuluka kwa ngalande za njanji zaku China zomwe zidamangidwa zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1 [Nambala ya njanji zaku China zomwe zidamangidwa].Kuphatikiza apo, China yamanga ngalande za njanji zochepera 191, ndikuwonjezera makilomita 23.Pofika m’chaka cha 1984, dziko la China linali litamanga ngalande 10 zotalika makilomita oposa 5 (Table 2 [Njanji za Sitima za Sitima zokhala ndi utali wa makilomita oposa 5 ku China]), ndipo yaitali kwambiri inali Yimaling Railway Tunnel ya Jingyuan Railway, kutalika kwake ndi 7032 metres.Mapiri a Dayao double track tunnel a gawo la Hengshao la Beijing Guangzhou Railway, kutalika kwa 14.3km, akumangidwa.Msewu wapamwamba kwambiri wa njanji ku China ndi Guanjiao Railway Tunnel pa Qinghai Tibet Railway, yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 4010 metres komanso kutalika kwa 3690 metres.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-06-2024
